In vivo electrochemical measurements: past, present and future

“One of the strengths of electrochemical measurements in living brain tissue is the ability to combine it with complementary methods. These methods include behavioral measurements, electrophysiological measurements and optical methods, to name just a few.” When I attended the 14th International Conference on in vivo methods in London (UK) this past September, I was struck by the diversity of electrochemical applications used to study the CNS in biological preparations ranging from cultured cells and acutely dissociated brain tissue slices to whole animals, anesthetized and awake. These applications include creative approaches, such as the combination of optogenetics with sub-second voltammetric measurements....